Document Library

Facilitating data use for decisionmaking: 50x2030’s approach

Winters P, Hogue E, Steiner M, Keramati C, Rokhideh M, and Eissler S.

Combining farm and household surveys with modelling approaches to improve post-harvest loss estimates and reduce data collection costs

Rühl D, Tiberti M, Mendez-Gomez-Humaran I, and Cachia F.

Individual land rights: Filling data gaps with the 50x2030 Initiative

Brunelli C, and Gourlay S.

Integrated sampling design for agricultural and socio-economic households surveys: Overview and application in Uganda Harmonized Integrated Survey

Bako D, D’Orazio M, Missiroli S, Ssennono VF, Brunelli C, Kilic T, Ponzini G, and Bolliger F.

50x2030 Initiative and production of SDG 2 indicators: Country challenges and experiences

Bolliger F, Bako D, Brunelli C, Georgieva N, Koudelka K, Missiroli S, and Pare L.

From agricultural statistics to zero hunger: How the 50x2030 Initiative is closing data gaps for SDG2 and beyond

Villarino MEJ, Buenaseda-Tejada MG, and Patterson SE.

The integration of socio-economic and agricultural surveys by national statistical offices: The case of the Uganda Integrated Household Survey

Ponzini G, Baryahirwa S, Brunelli C, Ilukor J, Kilic T, Mugabe S, Mupere A, Okello P, Oumo F, and Ssennono V.

Closing the data gap in agriculture through sustainable investment in the data value chain: Realizing the vision of the 50x2030 Initiative

Zezza A, Gourlay S, and Molini V.

Technical Note on Land Area Measurement

Land area is a critical component of understanding drivers of agricultural productivity. This note provides background on options for measuring land area in the context of agricultural and household surveys.

Combining Food Loss Modelling Approaches with Farm Surveys

Research on the Measurement of Harvest and Post-Harvest Losses: Combining food loss modelling approaches with farm surveys to improve on-farm loss estimates and reduce data collection costs

Technical Note on Post-Harvest Losses

This Technical Note for Country Teams provides guidance to survey practitioners for the collection of on-farm harvest and post-harvest losses data in household and farm surveys.

Technical Note on Non-Standard Units

This Technical Note for Country Teams provides guidance to survey practitioners using non-standard units (NSUs) of measurement for the collection of production (harvest) quantities in 50x2030 surveys and beyond.

Producing, using, innovating: How 50x2030 is closing the agricultural data gap

An overview of the 50x2030 Initiative's objectives, organization, and survey systems. Includes a description of each of the Initiative’s components, with the bulk of the discussion on Data Production.

A Guide to 50x2030 Data Collection: Questionnaire Design

An in-depth look at the questionnaires that have been developed under the 50x2030 Initiative. Explains the differences between the two survey systems offered and how the questionnaire instruments fit together.

A Guide to 50x2030 Survey Tools and SDG Indicator 5.a.1

A technical note on how 50x2030 survey tools satisfy the data requirements of SDG Indicator 5.a.1, which measures gender parity in ownership and tenure rights over agricultural land. The paper provides guidance on calculating the Indicator and advises on the potential for detailed analysis beyond the Indicator.

A Guide to Promoting Data Use Under the 50x2030 Initiative

A presentation of the Initiative’s approach to increase data use among a variety of stakeholders. Activities prioritize improving capacities, data policies and practices, and communication between data producers, intermediaries, and decision-makers.

50x2030 Sampling Strategy

A detailed look at the key technical features of a suitable sample design for the survey programs proposed by the 50x2030 Initiative.

50x2030 Annual Report - 2024 (French Translation)

50x2030 Rapport Annuel pour 2024

50x2030 Annual Report - 2024

Overview of 50x2030 Initiative FY24 milestones and country-specific progress and a look ahead to FY25 activities planning.

Data Ecosystem Mapping Report - Burkina Faso

This Data Ecosystem Mapping report examines the current and the desired status of the agricultural Data Ecosystem in Burkina Faso. It focuses on how agricultural and rural data are currently used and in the existing constraints to data use. It also maps key stakeholders and their communication flows using a network mapping tool, to better understand their relationships and data-related practices.

The World Bank's World Development Report 2021

The 50x2030 Initiative is led by a Program Management Team within the World Bank’s Development Data Group. By unlocking the full value of data for development, the Development Data Group helps achieve the World Bank's mission to create a world free from poverty on a livable planet. The latest edition of the World Development Report provides a blueprint on how to harness the power of data for development.

50x2030 Annual Report - 2023

Overview of 50x2030 Initiative FY23 milestones and country-specific progress and a look ahead to FY24 activities planning.

50x2030 Annual Report - 2022

Summary of 50x2030 FY22 activities and a closer look at the work done in each participating country to strengthen evidence-based policy development.

2021/2022 Annual Work Plan

This document outlines the activities planned under the 50x2030 Initiative between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2022.

Summary Report: 50x2030 Soil Sessions Meetings (2-4 November 2021)

Summary of the 2-4 November 50x2030 Soil Sessions meetings which gathered experts to prioritize research areas on soil health monitoring and innovative technologies that can transform the way soil data is collected in agricultural surveys.

2020/21 Annual Report

Report covering the activities implemented and results achieved under the Initiative between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021.

2020/2021 Annual Work Plan

This document outlines the activities planned under the 50x2030 Initiative between 1 July 2020 and 30 June 2021.

2019/20 Annual Report

Report covering the activities implemented and results achieved under the Initiative between 1 July 2019 and 30 June 2020.

50x2030 Results Framework

A conceptual overview of the Initiative's results framework, capturing inputs, outputs, outcomes and impact.

Improving the Quality of Survey Estimates from Longitudinal Studies: An Application to LSMS Panel Surveys

Longitudinal surveys are an invaluable source for analyzing the current state of and changes in human populations over time. This paper focuses on the case of panels with a rotating sample design, representing a powerful hybrid solution for facing the impact of panel dynamics on sample representativeness. Using data from the Uganda National Panel Survey, the longest Living Standards Measurement Study panel survey, it experimentally evaluates the suggested technique.

Adding Soil Sampling to Household Surveys: Information for Sample Design from Pilot Data

Information about the soil is essential to support policy and management decisions in pursuit of the sustainable development goals. This study assesses the scope to estimate administrative-area means of soil properties through the integration of soil analysis in household surveys. This is done on the basis of estimated variance components for two key soil properties (pH and soil organic carbon: SOC) in topsoil and subsoil.

Yielding Insights: Machine Learning-Driven Imputations to Filling Agricultural Data Gaps

This paper addresses the challenge of missing crop yield data in large-scale agricultural surveys, where crop-cutting is often limited due to cost constraints. The analysis covers several crops, providing insights into the importance of different predictors, including farmer-reported yields and geo-spatial variables, and the conditions under which the approach is valid. The study contributes valuable insights into improving cost-efficiency in agricultural surveys and the potential of imputation methods.

Substantial impacts of climate shocks in African smallholder agriculture

Climate change is affecting the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Global data on loss and damage used in research, policy and media primarily come from macrostatistics based on disaster inventories. Here, we propose a different approach, based on survey microdata.

Making Time Count: A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Time Use in Low-Income Countries from Physical Activity Tracking Data

Understanding men’s and women’s time use is a key factor in addressing issues and formulating policies related to division of labor, domestic work and related gender disparities. Leveraging unique survey data collected in rural Malawi, this study investigates the possibility of predicting men’s and women’s time allocation to an extensive set of activities, using sensor signal data captured by accelerometers.

Measuring Women's Empowerment in National Surveys: Development of the Women’s Empowerment Metric for National Statistical Systems (WEMNS)

Monitoring progress toward SDG5 — achieving gender equality —remains challenging unless we incorporate women’s empowerment metrics into nationally representative and multi-topic surveys. The Women’s Empowerment Metric for National Statistical Systems (WEMNS) was designed for the 50x2030 Initiative as well as other large multi-topic surveys.

Attenuating measurement errors in agricultural productivity analysis by combining objective and self-reported survey data

This paper uses unique survey data from Mali to validate an alternative approach to estimate the relationship between crop yields and inputs. The estimation relies on predicted objective crop yields that stem from a machine learning model trained on a random subsample of surveyed plots, and the analysis demonstrates that it is possible to predict sorghum yields with attenuated non-classical measurement error, resulting in a less-biased assessment of the relationship between yields and agricultural inputs.

The Impacts of Disasters on African Agriculture: New Evidence from Micro-Data

Disasters affect millions of people each year and cause economic losses worth many billions of dollars globally. Reporting on disaster impacts in research, policy, and news primarily relies on macro statistics based on disaster inventories. The macro statistics suggest that a relatively small share of disaster damages accrues in Africa. This paper, instead, uses detailed survey micro-data from six African countries to quantify disaster damages in one key sector: crop agriculture.

Measuring Land Tenure at the Individual Level: Lessons from Methodological Research in Armenia

This paper uses data from a methodological experiment in Armenia to assess the implications of survey design on the measurement of individual land rights and SDG indicator monitoring. The findings suggest that in the context of Armenia, the measurement of SDG 5.a.1 and 1.4.2 (a) is robust to respondent approach and data disaggregation level, driven largely by the high rates of documentation. Meanwhile, land rights that are less objective, such as the right to bequeath and perception of tenure security, are sensitive to these survey design choices.

From Necessity to Opportunity: Lessons for Integrating Phone and In-Person Data Collection for Agricultural Statistics in a Post-Pandemic World

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted survey and data systems globally and especially in low- and middle-income countries. Lockdowns necessitated remote data collection, and phone surveys were implemented at a national scale in many places that previously had limited experience with them. As in-person data collection resumes, the experience gained provides the grounds to reflect on how phone surveys may be incorporated into survey and data systems. Ultimately, the integration of phone interviews with in-person data collection offers a promising opportunity to leverage the benefits of phone surveys while addressing their limitations for agricultural and rural populations in low- and middle-income countries.

Is Dirt Cheap? The Economic Costs of Failing to Meet Soil Health Requirements on Smallholder Farms

Agricultural productivity is hindered in smallholder farming systems due to several factors, including farmers’ inability to meet crop-specific soil requirements. This paper focuses on soil suitability for maize production and creates multidimensional soil suitability profiles of smallholder maize plots in Uganda, while quantifying forgone production due to cultivation on less-than-suitable land and identifying groups of farmers that are disproportionately impacted.

Non-Labor Input Quality and Small Farms in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Adoption of non-labor agricultural inputs, including pesticides and mineral fertilizers, remains low among small-scale farmers in many low-income countries. Accurate measurement of the quality of these inputs and of quantities deployed is essential for assessing economic returns, understanding the drivers of agricultural productivity, and proposing and evaluating policies for increasing agricultural production. This paper reviews the evidence regarding the quality of mineral fertilizer and pesticides, inclusive of herbicides, available in local markets in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Measuring Disaster Crop Production Losses Using Survey Microdata: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper exploits plot-level panel data for almost 20,000 plots on 8,000 farms in three Sub-Saharan African countries with information on harvest, input use, and different proxies of losses; household and community-level data; as well data from other sources such as crop cutting and survey experiments, to provide new insights into the reliability of survey-based crop loss estimates and their attribution to disasters.

Nonclassical Measurement Error and Farmers’ Response to Information Reveal Behavioral Anomalies

This paper reports on a randomized experiment conducted among Malawian agricultural households to study nonclassical measurement error in self-reported plot area and farmers’ responses to new information that was provided to correct nonclassical measurement.

Survey Measurement Errors and the Assessment of the Relationship between Yields and Inputs in Smallholder Farming Systems: Evidence from Mali

This working paper leverages unique survey data from Mali to demonstrate that self-reported crop yields, vis-a-vis (objective) crop cut yields, are subject to non-classical measurement error that biases the estimated returns to inputs, including land, labor, fertilizer, and seeds.

Research on the Measurement of Post-Harvest Losses: Minimum losses by commodity and region

Information on minimum losses can help provide a benchmark for farm management, formulation of policies and investment decisions. This study connects this information to farming practices and production technologies, which can also help assess the effectiveness of loss reduction practices and the underlying policies and incentives that promote them.

Understanding the Requirements for Surveys to Support Satellite-Based Crop Type Mapping: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper provides recommendations on how large-scale household surveys should be conducted to generate data needed to train models for satellite-based crop type mapping in smallholder farming systems.

Recall length and Measurement Error in Agricultural Surveys

This paper assesses the relationship between the length of recall and nonrandom error in agricultural survey data using data from the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study–Integrated Surveys on Agriculture in Malawi and Tanzania.

Survey Brief: Coffee Production inTanzania and Uganda

The 50x2030 Initiative Brochure

Climate Smart Agricultural Practices and Food Security: Evidence from Ugandan Maize Farmers

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2022

Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Production in Uganda

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2022

Effect of Seed and Fertilizer Subsidies on the Technical Efficiency of Rice Farmers in Senegal

Research Competition Paper from Senegal, 2022

Resilience Strategies to Agricultural Shocks and their Effects on Family Farms in Rural Areas in Senegal

Research Competition Paper from Senegal, 2022

Gender Inequalities in Income and Land Access Constrain Agricultural Productivity in Rural Georgia

Research Competition Paper from Georgia, 2022

Concept of a State Support Programme aimed at Increasing Wheat Production in Georgia

Research Competition Paper from Georgia, 2022

Youth Employment and Dynamics in Rural Non-Farm Enterprises (RNFE) in Ethiopia

Research Competition Paper from Ethiopia, 2022

The Impact of Roads on Household Income in Rural Ethiopia

Research Grant Competition Paper from Ethiopia, 2022

Can Crop Commercialization Help Promote Land Productivity? Evidence from Cambodia’s Paddy, Maize, and Cassava Farming

Research Competition Paper from Cambodia, 2022

Sources of Information Diffusion and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies: Evidence from Cambodia

Research Competition Paper from Cambodia, 2022

Factors Influencing Maize and Cassava Commercialization Among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2021

Farm Production Diversity, Household Dietary Diversity and Nutrition: Evidence from Uganda’s National Panel Survey

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2021

Determinants of adoption of climate-smart and sustainable coffee production practices and their impacts on coffee productivity

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2021

Agricultural information and fertilizer use among farmers in Uganda

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2021

Gendered Effects of Land Ownership on Household Food Security and Welfare: Empirical evidence from Uganda

Research Competition Paper from Uganda, 2021

Agricultural household resilience strategies against climatic and health shocks: Drought and Covid-19 in the Niayes area of Senegal

Research Competition Paper from Senegal, 2021

Analysis of the determinants of land security among women agricultural producers in Senegal

Research Competition Paper from Senegal, 2021

Differences in agricultural productivity among women and men on small-scale farms in Senegal: Contributions of agricultural innovations

Research Competition Paper from Senegal, 2021

Analysis of the Key Factors Affecting the Productivity of Cereal Crops in Georgia

Research Grant Competition Paper from Georgia, 2021

Adoption of modern production practices and agro-technical activities in specific sub-sectors of agriculture of Georgia

Research Competition Paper from Georgia, 2021

The Role of Irrigation Development and Its Impact on Various Indicators of Agricultural Sector Competitiveness

Research Competition Paper from Georgia, 2021

Employment Opportunities and Income Sources in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Panel Data Evidence from Ethiopia

Research Competition Paper from Ethiopia, 2021

“Health is wealth”: the impact of health insurance on poverty incidence among rural households in Ethiopia

Research Competition Paper from Ethiopia, 2021

Migration, Remittances and Rural Agricultural Transformation in Ethiopia

Research Competition Paper from Ethiopia, 2021

Impact of farmer associations on sales and crop diversification

Research Competition Paper from Cambodia, 2021

Productivity and Market Participation: Cambodian Rice Farmers

Research Competition Paper from Cambodia, 2021

Determinants of Adoption of Climate-Smart and Sustainable Coffee Production Practices and their Impacts on Coffee Productivity

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2021

Does Adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture Improve Food Availability and Access of Ugandan Maize Farmers?

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2022

Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Production in Uganda

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2022

Révolutionner la Riziculture au Sénégal : le Potentiel Inexploité des Subventions aux Intrants et Leur Impact sur la Productivité des Agriculteurs

Research Competition Policy Brief from Senegal, 2022

How Senegal's Farmers are Fighting Back Against Agricultural Shocks: Exploring Resilience Strategies for Family Farms in Rural Areas

Research Competition Policy Brief from Senegal, 2022

Combatting Gender Inequalities in Rural Georgia: A Call to Action

Research Competition Policy Brief from Georgia, 2022

Securing Georgia's Wheat Supply: A Call to Action to Increase Local Production and Reduce Dependence on Imports

Research Competition Policy Brief from Georgia, 2022

Unlocking the Economic Potential of Rural Ethiopia: How Roads Can Change Livelihoods

Research Competition Policy Brief from Ethiopia, 2022

Rural Non-Farm Enterprises Dynamics and Youth Employment Challenges in Ethiopia

Research Competition Policy Brief from Ethiopia, 2022

Can Crop Commercialization Help Promote Land Productivity: Evidence from Cambodia's Paddy, Maize, and Cassava Farming

Research Competition Policy Brief from Cambodia, 2022

Sources of Information Diffusion and Adoption of Agricultural Technologies: Evidence from Cambodia

Research Competition Policy Brief from Cambodia, 2022

Agricultural Sources of Information and Intensity of Inorganic Fertilizer Use Among Farmers in Uganda

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2021

Farm Production Diversity for Better Nutrition Outcomes: Evidence from Uganda's National Panel Survey

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2021

How Secure Land Ownership Rights for Women Affect Household Food Security

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2021

Ensuring Land Tenure Security is Critical for Improving Household Welfare

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2021

Financial Inclusion for Households in Uganda: The Role of Semi-Formal Institutions

Research Competition Policy Brief from Uganda, 2021

Determinants of Land Tenure Security Among Women Agricultural Producers in Senegal

Research Competition Policy Brief from Senegal, 2021

Resilience Strategies in Response to Drought and COVID-19 Among Senegalese Households

Research Competition Policy Brief from Senegal, 2021

Exploring Differences in Agricultural Productivity Among Women and Men on Small-Scale Farms in Senegal

Research Competition Policy Brief from Senegal, 2021

Employment and Income Sources During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia

Research Competition Policy Brief from Ethiopia, 2021

“Health is Wealth”: The Impact of Health Insurance on Poverty Incidence Among Rural Households in Ethiopia

Research Competition Policy Brief from Ethiopia, 2021